Ehmaniella burgessensis (ROM 60759) – Part and counterpart. Complete specimen. Specimen length = 6 mm. Specimen dry – direct light (left) and coated with ammonium chloride sublimate to show details (middle, right). Walcott Quarry
© Royal Ontario Museum. Photo: Jean-Bernard Caron
Trilobites are, by a large margin, the most diverse of extinct arthropod classes, encompassing more than 2000 species, although the biomineralization of their cuticle is likely largely responsible for their much better-known diversity. A recent probabilistic analysis of trilobite relationships suggests that many of the diagnostic traits used for the taxonomy of the main groups remain highly variable across lineages (Paterson, Edgecombe & Lee, 2019), which explains long-standing difficulties in resolving the trilobite evolutionary tree. The kinship of trilobites relative to other arthropod groups has been a historical dilemma also (Cotton & Braddy, 2004; Aria, Caron & Gaines, 2015; Paterson, 2020). Antennules and some other characters, on the one hand, would ally them with mandibulate arthropods (the Gnathomorpha or Antennulata hypothesis), while others would place them within the chelicerate lineage (the Arachnomorpha hypothesis). Recent phylogenetic results have brought increased support to Arachnomorpha, but there is still no consensus on the question (Aria, 2022).
Ehmaniella – modification of Ehmania, a trilobite genus name coined in 1935 by C. E. Resser to honour Philip Ehman (Montana) for his geological assistance.
burgessensis – from the Burgess Shale.
Burgess Shale and vicinity: Ehmaniella waptaensis Rasetti, 1951.
Other deposits: other species have been reported from elsewhere in the Cambrian of North America.
The Walcott, Raymond and Collins Quarries on Fossil Ridge. The Trilobite Beds on Mount Stephen, and smaller localities on Mount Odaray.
Walcott illustrated two Burgess Shale trilobite specimens in establishing Ptychoparia permulta in 1918. Resser (1937) saw that the two individuals belonged in different species, but erroneously used Walcott’s clearly designated primary type of permulta to found the new combination Elrathia dubia. Rasetti (1951) declared Resser’s dubia invalid, left the original type of permulta in Elrathia, and employed Walcott’s other specimen as a paratype of a new species (burgessesnsis), which he assigned to Resser’s 1937 genus Ehmaniella. Ehmaniella waptaensis, also described by Rasetti in 1951, is nearly indistinguishable.
Hard parts: adult dorsal exoskeletons may reach 2.8 cm long. The semicircular cephalon is about one-third the length of the dorsal shield, bordered by a well-defined rounded rim; wide free cheeks often show anastomosing ridges and carry short, sharp genal spines. Strong transverse eye ridges extend to relatively large eyes, which are located at or behind cephalic mid-length. The bluntly rounded glabella tapers evenly forward and bears three pairs of shallow lateral furrows; the pre-glabellar field is short. A thorax of thirteen parallel-sided segments has a barrel-shaped outline and a rather broad axial lobe. The short, wide, rounded triangular pygidium usually shows 4 or 5 axial rings with corresponding pleurae. The surface of the exoskeleton is variably granulate.
Unmineralized anatomy: rare specimens of Ehmaniella from the Walcott Quarry and above on Fossil Ridge preserve a pair of slender uniramous antennae (Walcott, 1918; Rudkin 1989). These are sometimes associated with a dark stain adjacent to the exoskeleton, presumably representing fluidized decay products.
Relatively common on Fossil Ridge and locally abundant in the Walcott Quarry (fourth most common trilobite with about 400 specimens observed, only 13 of which are E. waptaensis, Caron and Jackson, 2008).
Like similar-looking ptychoparioid trilobites, Ehmaniella may be interpreted as a fully mobile, epibenthic deposit (particle) feeder.